Meckel’s Diverticulum
What Is Meckel’s Diverticulum?
Meckel’s diverticulum is a congenital condition where a small pouch (diverticulum) forms in the lower part of the small intestine. It is the most common congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting about 2% of the population. The pouch is a remnant of the vitelline duct, a structure present during fetal development.
Most children with Meckel’s diverticulum have no symptoms, but in some cases, it can lead to complications such as bleeding, intestinal obstruction, or inflammation.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms of Meckel’s diverticulum usually occur in children under the age of 10 and may include:
- Painless rectal bleeding (bright red or dark stools)
- Abdominal pain, cramping, or tenderness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Signs of intestinal obstruction, such as a swollen abdomen or inability to pass stool or gas
- Symptoms similar to appendicitis
Diagnosis and Evaluation
Meckel’s diverticulum can be difficult to diagnose because symptoms may mimic other conditions. Common diagnostic tools include:
- Meckel’s scan (technetium-99m scan): Detects gastric tissue in the diverticulum
- Ultrasound or abdominal X-rays: Used to evaluate obstruction or inflammation
- CT scan: Sometimes used in unclear cases
Treatment Options
If Meckel’s diverticulum causes symptoms or complications, surgery is usually required. The standard treatment is a surgical resection — removal of the diverticulum, and possibly a small section of the adjacent intestine. This is typically done laparoscopically and has a good long-term outcome. In asymptomatic cases found incidentally, treatment is determined on a case-by-case basis depending on risk factors and the child’s health.
